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看看这边有一个停车场。 嗯,看看他这个停车场,这边这个停车场我第一次进啊, may open, keep right。 北京来的,丽华达这边这个离 离这个中心比较近, 停车场下来是个咖啡店,这个这个停车场非常推荐的。来,我来上个厕所。这边有厕所,还有冰淇淋,但是都关门了。好像 这边有官方的扣三十块钱,普通的是十五,普通门票就是十五。 我也是第一次来这个大坝的,这个镜子之前来这个外面,大家看这个地图啊, 这边是禁止无人机的,无人机不要带了,带了会被要求你不要拿走来看我。现在来到了胡子坝吧。这个我没记错的话, 然后落成于一九三四年,正好是正好是希特勒上台第二年。 红脖子 那个桥是到亚历桑那州的, 我们先下去,因为他这个最后这个进去的时间,最后的时间就是是三点四十五最后一趟,所以要提早进去。我这边已经两点了,三点了,已经整整三点了,赶快下去到这个下面带大家看一看。 我靠,电梯坏了,你看带孩子来,来不来?带不了,下次开车去, yeah。 oh, yeah! yeah。 现在安检完了以后就是过来到这个里面,今天学了一招,他叫我把这个手表盖住,手挡住就没有测到手表。哈哈哈 哈喽哈喽。嗨,然后呢?他有个拓码,就是那个最后一班,然后有个导游导弹,他这个十五块的最基础版是总共十五美金,里面啊就是人民币是十五,这是三十五哎。一百一, 一百一,门票一百一十人民币,然后来的时候准备好额度啊, 这是湖湖大坝的简短的一个时间线,他勘探是从一八六九年开始的,然后整个是一九三五年开始投入使用。现在早晚开始了。 现在进入芜湖大坝的导览开始了。走进了一个小通道走进了一个小通道,十分钟,讲述芜湖大坝的历史, 现在看完了,继续继续出发了。这个电影不错,讲述了这个湖湖大坝的建造历史的作用没有意义。 接下来的串我俩已经走到霸气! you're welcome folks how does everyone do it today excellent the folks will get you right on george then george you'll last about a half hour folks give or take。 走半小时,欢迎大家 人都戴个耳机,搞的像 fbi 什么字呀。 this elevator is going to take us down five hundred and thirty seven feet that's about hundred, fifty force or fifty forced or is hundred and sixty four meters down to the bottom of the canyon and when we get down there we're really going to stops first stop is going to be a diversion tunnel so we're gonna be standing in one of those tunnels that the workers blasted out to divert the river i'll explain a little before about how they're able to do all this there's a big pipe that runs down that tunnel today i'll tell you what that's used for and then we will go to the nevada site of the power plant to see the generators they are working on one of them right now, which is really cool one of the rotors is down below where we'll be standing they're putting it back together they're barry to put that into its generator so you're seeing something that you normally wouldn't see so it's pretty cool to be able to see that so enjoy that when we're down here just stay with me this is my smallest tour of the day this is great just stay with me as we're walking around these tunnels did they tell you the rules for taking pictures down here there are new rules take all the damn pictures you want。 这是送给他的 buff。 有点露手。 古老的这个线索对线很重,这个连线上进一个二代人体 进水的水管,有的水管调节。 right everybody so go ahead and get some pictures like you're doing i'll tell you what that big pipe is all of us, but just you understand the tunnel that is surrounding us is one of the diversion tunnels so when they were building the dam the color out of river was blowing through this tunnel at three others, but i'm going to show you a little bit more about this on this diagram right here now take a look at this this is kind of like a bird's idea you're looking down on top of this entire site so first of all to show you where we are right now this is where we're standing okay we are inside in one of the fourth version tunnels now before they built this dam and created the lake the colorado river you can see right here it just ran right through this hand so how did they build this in the middle of the river well the first thing we had to do was move the river they had to get the water out of this area to build so the very first thing they did was they blasted the four diverse of tunnels into the ganon like this one now these tunnels are 50 feet in diameter each one of them is about three quarters of the while along for a total of just about three miles of tunnels that took them the first two years to do now when they were done with that to get the water of the river to go into those tunnels they built something right here in the river called coffrey in which is basically a temporary dam what they did was they had a bridge right here over the river and trucks were bringing all the debris that they were blasting out of the tunnels and dumping it off of the bridge into the river until copper dam was just under a hundred feet tall that's what allowed the water from the river to enter into the tunnels and then it was to burn it around this instruction site now they put another one of these copper dams here so this water wouldn't backfill and come back up into the work site but the whole area between the two conferidiums started drying up, so they started to dig up all that silk that was left on the bottom of the river there was about 135 feet of silk that they had to dig through it took them about seven months before they hit bedrock down below once they reached bedrock then they had a foundation and they started to build a dam now construction on the dam started in 1933 tables were running up and down across the canyon lowering those big giant buckets of concrete downs at the bottom one after another 24 hours, a day, 7 days a week for the next two years six million times of solid concrete there's actually enough concrete right here to build a two belane highway from san francisco to new york now as they were finishing building the down they started plugging up these tunnels now starting with these three tunnels these right here are 400 foot they concrete plugs there are three million pound steel gates on the end when those were closed up the lake bead started filling up now they left one ton of open down here so the river could still float down stream while they're finishing building the nam once the water of this lake got high enough to start going into these four intake towers that was when that tunnel was sealed up and they allowed the lake to completely fill up and so to understand what's happening today the water is going into the four intake towers behind the dam and then it goes down a huge pipe that's what's below us right now, so today underneath us is a 30 foot diameter pen stock pipe water can flow through there up to 96 thousand gallons a second so put that into perspective that pipe could fill up an olympic size slowly full just under 70 seconds it continues down that pipe and then it starts to break off into these smaller pipes each one of these leads towards generator so on the bottom of the generator is a water will call the turbine so the water will spin the turbine that spins a rotor that rotor has electromagnets on it and those are spinning inside of five miles or copper wiring that creates electricity and then the water comes out right here and continues on down the colorado river now, this coffred amp。 is no longer there this one was lasted away so the water could flow down the river but the upper coffred amp。 is still there at the very bottle of lake meat, there was no point in getting rid of it because eventually it was going to be covered by this huge lake and as far as filling up this lake it took six and a half years for lake and meat to fill up the way they designed the dams during a foot if the lake gets high enough, all right guys so we're gonna go up to the power plant this is gonna be a really quick elevator right here and we're there all right follow me right this one。 现在马上去发电机城。现在就在发电机城啊。当时唯一能和这个水电站匹配的是苏联的地裂泊河水电站,应该是在乌克兰进的。 我,我 现在达到发电机 在我目击目击有八个发电。 这个层高有点高, 把电梯组干完了还是很值得的。三十一个人十五不贵。这种世界级的地标,能花钱就花钱,千万不要省。 好点了,出去坐电梯上来以后就是最好的。 gt。 gt。 that's what we should do with a better view。 他叫我们到到那边拍。 还有呢?还有第二部分了。 啥意思?这个地方不花钱进过来啊。你想想一想,不花钱不充钱你能变得更强吗? 好高啊, 现在站在坝顶了。这个地方是付费付费区。 可以了, 来,你帮我拍。这底下水刚刚透。嗯,走吧。嗯, 大家看一下这个瀑布大坝的细节啊。老公要是从这边站一路滑下去应该蛮酸爽的, 你试试看。嗯,屁股要烧起来了。什么?从那边?就是偶尔从这样一下撕下去都滑不起来。这个这么抖是吧。你往下看,看看爸爸, 这样。哦,这样这样这样这样这样,脚都软了。 从这个上面下来之后到马路对面这边卖水的顶不住可以买两瓶,估计是天价,就拿净瓶子装水不还是水。 现在过了个马路就到这边 过个马路,然后去这边游客中心继续。 不要你干嘛要他。这个也不是警车联邦证。 这个这种牌照,这种牌照在这个日本也很方便。这个旁边有个展厅啊。 okay, we come from generator。 okay, there, you go, yeah, thank you。 他就有这个,就不同 年代发生的事情,什么年份发生了什么事。反正就是从设计到现在到纠结到实行。 妈,好多人找不到工作,他就是调到这边来来,一天四块钱建设大戏,就跟那个洞一样,这个小房间里面的模型要等一会才能看到。 某请位附近的地形图,这头拉这个河, 这里面没什么意思,不推荐大家过来浪费时间。 现在走到这个中间, 他这个他这个摩托车拍的。 呃,霸体上走一下。 i got you already, mommy restroom。 领完达时间。嗯,拍这个先,先拍这个 内华达四间 芜湖大坝,步行 这边也可以拍到,霸气,不用 事情。哇哦, 我现在要走到内州和亚洲的分界线啊。 这个雕像这样要到对面。这是老的电梯,已经报废了,估计老的中啊,以前东西看起来质量就是好。 那走到亚地桑那州这边了。 这个是克罗拉多铜啊,这四个也是一个,就是 台红渠的一个分流阀,应该是阀门,这四个是阀门,他总共有四个隧道,哎,分水的, 那这个活下来就全不管。 这这看这中国人。 现在大家看到这个白色克罗拉德河的原来的水位啊,以前是淹这么高,现在降了, 淹最高的时候,但是最高也就一九六三年啊,他最高能淹那么高?然后大家看这个墙上面的白线啊,就是不同水位情况下的样子, 坐旁边的两个人,丽华大洲那边拿车,那就结束了,那边是礼礼品店,进去逛逛看看有什么, 整个玩下来,你要想今晚就是深度游,最起码要三小时以上,互联来路上的时间 如果仅仅看外观的话就是半小时足以。我个人觉得。我个人觉得这个画门票进去还挺值的。进去的话进去一下大概四十五分钟左右, 然后外面再走一个小时再休息休息什么的。三个小时来威嘎斯一定要来湖湖大坝哦。
美国肯务局在上世纪二三十年代设计胡佛水坝时,采用超保守的重力拱功法,以免可能发生灾难性的溃堤,结果便是在布拉克峡谷之中形成了一座不动如山的巨大混凝土金字塔,尺寸更胜埃及的吉萨金字塔。 水坝内含三百四十万立方米的混凝土,重达六百六十万吨,足够沿赤道环绕地球一圈,做出一点二米宽的人行道。 用了这么多的混凝土,建造者估计水坝能屹立千百年。浇灌第一桶混凝土是在一九三三年六月六日。他们日以继夜二十四小时持续灌浆, 因为灌浆时混凝土会随之升温降温。工程师计算,若做一次连续灌浆,力霸干固需要超过一百年,也容易产生 裂缝。于是他们将混凝土灌入一系列连扣的气块,每个气块的木质模板的面积为十八平方米,深度约一点五米。就算在这种小模板里冷却混凝土都依然是挑战。 原因是峡谷在夏季炙热非常,工程师估算混凝土的内温高到摄氏七十一度。为了解决这个问题, 他们在每个器块中安装了水管网,灌浆后在管内流通冷水降温。他们使用的水管总计近一千公里长。 一九三五年三月,在历时两年的灌注混凝土后,雄伟壮丽的湖佛水坝终于完工。在如今的假设再造小组眼中,他们预想的水坝比原版更高四十三米,从峡谷地面拔高两百六十四米。再造湖佛水坝的这等高度,将可跻身全球前十 大最高水坝。工程师设计的长度也增加了横越峡谷五百三十一米,底座的宽度是一百四十二米,但坝顶较宽为二十一米。这种规划比原版设计更为膏状,水库的蓄水量更大, 也能产生更多电力。同时,米德湖的蓄水量将近加倍,足以让整个纽约州泡在六十公分深的水里。增加的高度和蓄水量对水坝的水纹也会有直接冲击,尤其是对于水压和发电。供水制电场的关键结构是取水塔。 胡佛水坝原版设计四个取水塔,其中两个在内华达州,两个在亚利桑那州。取水塔高度均为一百二十米,各自透过压力水管网供水之电场。取水塔自水库两种高度取水底部以及中间 自底部取水的水压更高,能增加电厂的发电量。湖佛水坝的首要目标是防洪,其次是蓄水,第三是发电生财,维持水坝的运作。湖佛水坝主要用米德湖的水来转动巨大的水轮,带动巨型发电机组来发电。 肉型的胡佛电厂位于水坝底部峡谷岩壁旁。一九三六至一九六一年间,有十七座发电机组安装于电厂,九座在水坝靠亚利桑那那一边,八座在内华达州那一边。 hoover dam was originally built with some of the biggest equipment it was available and the best technology that was available, we got lots of big machines really literally millions of pounds of spinning machinery that makes millions of lots of power clean renewable hydro power。 原始的 水轮材质是铸钢,可足以发电八十百万瓦。一九八零年,美国肯务局替电厂换了新水轮,更新后的发电量达一百三十百万瓦,大大的增加了发电量。这些第二代水轮能承受更高的水压,并增进水流速度,每个都是三十五吨重的不锈钢, 而这三十五吨重的不锈钢直径约十六或十八英尺,高约六英尺,流量每秒三千两百立方英尺,水力,每分钟让巨大水轮旋转一百八十圈,换算成时速超过一百六十公里。
结束了在拉斯维加斯的休整,我们又出发了, 今天我们的目的地是克罗拉多大峡谷。一早出发,行车大约一小时,来到了湖泊水坝。大坝建于一九三五年,是当时世界水利工程的奇迹,经常出现在美国的大片中。 水库很大,是美国最大的人工湖,也是整个赌城生活用水的命脉。 游客中心要门票,每人十美金,我们没进去,只是在大坝上照了几张照片就走了。 又开了几个小时,下午四点多我们来到了科罗拉多大峡谷。七天的一天的八 十,什么玩意?一年好吗?门票是每辆车二十五美金,一周内都可以入园,只要把门票贴在挡风玻璃上就可以了。 把车停在停车场,就改成景区内免费的观光大巴,有红绿蓝三条线路,游客可以自己选,随上随下,车上人也不多,都能有座,只要别耽误了末班车就行,不然就得腿就回去了。 克罗拉多大峡谷位于亚利桑那州西北部的克罗拉多高原上,被称为世界七大自然景观之一, 这里色彩斑斓,地势雄伟,置身其中,由衷的感叹大自然的鬼斧神工。除了乘车游览, 还可以乘坐遨游于峡谷上的直升飞机,就是有点贵,可以乘坐皮阀再来个峡谷漂流,可以在峭壁上骑骡子,估计也都不算便宜,当然还可以徒步和露营, 但是听说里面有不少野生动物,我们也没这个胆,就别去,还是回去吃饭睡觉吧。去内的垃圾车,老外的脑洞跟我们就是不一样,这装车方式还真奇葩, 这是一个那个连旺塔,什么玩意?第二天我们打算前往配吉湾,但是上午我们还是要先去大峡谷的东西,去看看沙漠观景台。 这个瞭望塔可以被安排成大峡谷的最后停泊站,其实他也真的很重要,是大峡谷南园的最东端,既是峡谷的终点,又是沙漠的起点。 这是有一个有点残缺的碉楼,里面的布置如同印第安人的家, 碉堡内装饰质朴粗犷,墙壁上涂满了印第安人祭祀的图腾与绘画。 雕楼有三层,楼梯很窄,只能单向通行,但是大家也还是能自觉的礼让。 咱也不了解美国人的历史,也不了解印第安人的历史, 也就是站在高处眺望一下大峡谷的景色,最后感受一下大峡谷的雄浑与壮阔, 然后从东门直接出景区,赶往下一个目的地,配吉湾。
活佛大坝,这一美国的标志性建筑,当时建造耗资四千九百万美元,甚至付出了一百一十二名工人的生命。他高达二百二十一点四米,横跨三百七十九点二米,是二十世纪初美国西南地区发展的决定性力量。 早在一九零零年,美国政府就已经提出了利用科罗拉多核水力的设想。然而直到一九二八年,这个宏大的项目才得到美国国会的正式批准,并开始进行初步的勘测工作。随着大萧条的降临,这个项目被视为美国西南地区提供就业机会的重要途径,大量工人涌入这里, 因此,一个由政府全权运营的新城镇拉斯维加斯成应运而生。一九三一年五月,美国总统胡佛下令开始修建大坝,首要任务是将克罗拉多和引流,以便在干涸的河床上修建大坝。为了实现这一目标,河两岸各挖掘了两条十七米宽的引流隧道,挖出的延伸 被倾倒到克罗拉多河中,形成了一个临时堤坝,迫使水流通过新建的四条隧道到达下游。下游的第二个临时堤坝也能阻止水流回流到中央。中部就有条件修建活佛大坝。活佛大坝采用了重力拱设计,通过混凝土的重量和承受的水压,将其牢固的固定在峡谷底部和峡谷壁上。 工人们在这个阶段开始使用了最早的安全帽,这些帽子被浸泡在沥青中并让其硬化,至少在一定程度上保护了工人的头部。一九三三年,大坝开始进行第一次混凝土浇筑。由于混凝土在固化过程中会释放热量并收缩。如果一次性连续浇筑活佛大坝,这样的项目需要超过一百二十五年才能硬化。 为了解决大体积混凝土浇筑的散热问题,工程师们将把体分成二百三十个垂直柱状块浇筑,并采用了预埋冷却水管等措施。这一做法成为大体积混凝土工程中的成功典型,对世界上混凝土把施工技术的形 城和发展产生了重大影响。直到一九三五年,大坝才最终完工。活佛大坝为美国西南地区的数百万人提供了水和电,成为整个北美地区的经济推动力。它同时孕育了新兴的城市拉斯维加斯。 如今,拉斯维加斯成了不夜城,正是胡佛水电站的店里,点亮了拉斯维加斯那流光溢彩、五颜六色的霓虹灯。
hello, 大家好,现在带大家看这个美国最大的水坝叫 over them, 中文叫胡佛水坝,建立于一九三一年到一九三六年之间,是坐落于科罗拉多河黑峡谷河段之上的混泥土重力施工坝。 他是在美国亚历桑那州与内华达州的交界处。美国最大的水坝,被誉为沙漠之传,真的非常漂亮。